Conditions / Alzheimer’s
Alzheimer’s
Overview
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder that gradually destroys memory and cognitive functions. It is the most common cause of dementia, often beginning with mild forgetfulness and progressing to severe cognitive and behavioral impairment. The disease affects the ability to carry out daily tasks and ultimately leads to a loss of independence. While there is no cure, early detection and a supportive care plan can help manage symptoms and maintain quality of life for as long as possible.
Symptoms
Alzheimer’s symptoms generally begin subtly and intensify over time. Watch for:
• Frequent memory lapses, especially involving recent events or conversations.
• Difficulty solving problems or following plans.
• Confusion about time, place, or personal identity.
• Trouble completing familiar tasks, such as cooking or managing finances.
• Language challenges, such as forgetting common words or repeating phrases.
• Poor judgment or risky decisions.
• Changes in personality, including depression or withdrawal from social activities.
When to see a doctor
Consult a physician if you or a loved one notices:
• Repeated memory loss that disrupts daily life.
• Confusion with routine activities or getting lost in familiar settings.
• Noticeable mood shifts, personality changes, or disorientation.
Early evaluation allows for proper diagnosis, management, and planning for future care needs.
Causes
The exact cause of Alzheimer’s is not fully known. However, it’s associated with brain changes such as the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques, tau protein tangles, and loss of neural connections. Genetics, age, environment, and lifestyle all play a role in increasing one’s susceptibility.
Risk Factors
Several elements may increase Alzheimer’s risk:
• Age: Especially those over 65.
• Family history: Greater likelihood if immediate family is affected.
• Genetics: Presence of APOE-e4 gene increases risk.
• Head trauma: History of serious brain injury.
• Cardiovascular health: High blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity.
• Lifestyle factors: Poor diet, physical inactivity, and limited mental stimulation.
Complications
As Alzheimer’s advances, complications may include:
• Difficulty with basic self-care like dressing or eating.
• Increased infection risk, particularly pneumonia.
• Injuries from falls or confusion-related accidents.
• Malnutrition and dehydration.
• Emotional and physical burnout in caregivers.
Mediacal Risk
Treatment may involve medications like cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine to address memory and behavior. Additional strategies include cognitive stimulation, safety modifications, and emotional support for both patient and caregiver. However, risks include medication side effects, worsening symptoms if untreated, and psychological distress. Ongoing care and a supportive environment are key to maintaining dignity and connection.