Conditions / Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy/CIDP
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy/CIDP
Overview
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare, long-term neurological disorder that involves progressive weakness and impaired sensory function in the legs and arms. CIDP occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath—the protective covering of the peripheral nerves—leading to inflammation and damage. This demyelination slows or blocks nerve signals, resulting in muscle weakness, numbness, and tingling sensations. Though CIDP can develop slowly over weeks or months, early diagnosis and treatment are critical in preventing permanent nerve damage and improving long-term outcomes.
Symptoms
The symptoms of CIDP can vary in severity and often progress over time. Common signs include:
• Progressive weakness: Especially in the arms and legs, often beginning symmetrically.
• Tingling or numbness: Usually starting in the hands and feet.
• Loss of reflexes: Particularly in the knees and ankles.
• Impaired coordination: Trouble walking or maintaining balance.
• Fatigue: Generalized exhaustion and low energy.
• Pain or discomfort: Aching, burning, or other abnormal sensations in the limbs.
When to see a doctor
You should consult a healthcare provider if you experience:
• Persistent tingling or numbness in your limbs.
• Progressive muscle weakness.
• Difficulty walking or maintaining balance.
• Loss of reflexes or coordination.
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
• Rapid worsening of symptoms.
• Breathing difficulties.
• Loss of bladder or bowel control.
Causes
The exact cause of CIDP is unknown, but it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system mistakenly targets the myelin sheath. Triggers may include:
• Recent infections.
• Other autoimmune disorders.
• In rare cases, associations with certain cancers or chronic illnesses.
Risk Factors
Certain factors may increase the risk of developing CIDP:
• Age: More common in adults, especially those over 50.
• Gender: Slightly more prevalent in men.
• Underlying health conditions: Including diabetes or other autoimmune diseases.
Complications
Without timely treatment, CIDP can lead to:
• Permanent nerve damage.
• Severe mobility issues, including the need for assistive devices.
• Chronic pain and disability.
• Muscle wasting (atrophy) in severe cases.
Mediacal Risk
CIDP is typically treated with therapies that modulate the immune system, such as:
• Corticosteroids: To reduce inflammation.
• IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin): A common first-line treatment.
• Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis): To remove harmful antibodies.
• Immunosuppressive medications: For long-term management.
Potential risks of treatment include:
• Side effects from corticosteroids: Such as weight gain, mood changes, or increased risk of infection.
• Infusion-related reactions: Especially with IVIG or plasmapheresis.
• Delayed diagnosis or treatment: Which may lead to irreversible nerve damage.
With proper diagnosis and ongoing treatment, many individuals with CIDP can manage their symptoms, regain strength, and maintain a good quality of life.
Treatments