Conditions / Plaque Psoriasis
Plaque Psoriasis
Overview
Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes inflammation and the rapid buildup of skin cells. This results in thick, scaly patches, known as plaques, that can be itchy, painful, and prone to cracking or bleeding. These plaques most commonly appear on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back but can develop anywhere on the body.
Symptoms
The most affected areas of plaque psoriasis include the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe and may come and go in cycles, with periods of flareups followed by remission. When the condition is active, signs and symptoms may include:
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- Red, inflamed skin covered with thick, silvery-white scales (plaques)
- Dry, cracked skin that may bleed
- Itching, burning, or soreness in affected areas
- Thickened or ridged nails
- Joint pain or stiffness (psoriatic arthritis)
People with severe plaque psoriasis may also experience:
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- Widespread scaling and skin inflammation
- Increased risk of infections due to cracked skin
- Emotional and psychological distress, such as anxiety or depression
When to see a doctor
See your doctor if you have persistent skin changes or any of the signs and symptoms of plaque psoriasis, such as:
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- Red, scaly patches that don’t improve with over-the-counter treatments
- Severe itching, burning, or pain affecting daily activities
- Cracked or bleeding skin that leads to infections
- Nail changes, such as pitting, discoloration, or separation from the nail bed
- Joint pain or swelling, which may indicate psoriatic arthritis
Causes
The exact cause of plaque psoriasis remains unknown, but it is believed to result from an overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. This triggers rapid skin cell growth and inflammation, leading to the formation of plaques. Genetic and environmental factors likely play a role in the development of the condition.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for plaque psoriasis may include:
• Family History: Having a parent or sibling with psoriasis increases your risk.
• Age: Plaque psoriasis can occur at any age, but most commonly develops between the ages of 15 and 35.
• Stress: High levels of stress can trigger or worsen flare-ups.
• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections, such as strep throat, can lead to psoriasis flare-ups.
• Smoking and Alcohol Consumption: These habits can increase the severity of symptoms and reduce treatment effectiveness.
• Obesity: Being overweight increases the risk of developing more severe psoriasis.
• Certain Medications: Beta-blockers, lithium, and antimalarial drugs may trigger or worsen psoriasis symptoms.
Complications
Psoriatic arthritis may lead to one or more of the following complications:
• Joint Damage and Deformities
• Arthritis Mutilans: Over time, this destroys the small bones in your hands, especially the fingers.
• Eye Conditions: Increased risk of conjunctivitis, uveitis, and dry eye.
• Cardiovascular Disease: Chronic inflammation may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Depression and Anxiety
Mediacal Risk
Certain psoriatic arthritis drugs that work by suppressing the immune system may increase the risk of infections and other health concerns. Work with your doctor to determine the most appropriate treatment plan while weighing the risks and benefits of medications.