Conditions / Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis
Overview
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic autoimmune condition that causes joint inflammation and skin symptoms, often occurring in people with psoriasis. It leads to pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints, as well as red, scaly patches of skin. The severity of symptoms can vary, ranging from mild discomfort to debilitating joint damage.
While there’s no cure for psoriatic arthritis, treatments can help reduce symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent permanent joint damage.
Symptoms
The most affected areas in psoriatic arthritis include the fingers, toes, lower back, and knees. Symptoms can develop gradually or appear suddenly and may go through periods of remission and flare-ups.
When the condition is active, signs and symptoms may include:
• Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness
• Tenderness in tendons and ligaments, particularly in the heels or soles of the feet
• Sausage-like swelling of fingers and toes (dactylitis)
• Nail changes, such as pitting, ridging, or detachment
• Lower back pain (spondylitis)
• Red, scaly skin patches associated with psoriasis
People with severe psoriatic arthritis may also experience:
• Chronic pain and disability due to joint damage
• Eye inflammation, including conjunctivitis or uveitis
• Fatigue and difficulty with daily activities
When to see a doctor
See your doctor if you experience persistent joint pain, swelling, or stiffness, especially if you have psoriasis. Seek medical attention if you notice:
• Joint pain that worsens over time
• Persistent swelling in fingers, toes, or other joints
• Nail abnormalities, such as pitting or discoloration
• Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
• Eye redness, pain, or vision changes
Causes
Psoriatic arthritis is believed to result from an overactive immune system that attacks healthy joints and skin. The abnormal immune response causes inflammation in your joints as well as overproduction of skin cells.
Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the development of the disease. Researchers have discovered certain genetic markers that appear to be associated with psoriatic arthritis. Physical trauma or something in the environment—such as a viral or bacterial infection—may trigger psoriatic arthritis in people with an inherited tendency.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for psoriatic arthritis may include:
• Family history: Having a close relative with psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis increases your risk.
• Psoriasis: Most people with psoriatic arthritis also have psoriasis, particularly those with nail involvement.
• Age: Psoriatic arthritis commonly develops between the ages of 30 and 50.
• Infections: Certain infections may trigger immune system activity, leading to psoriatic arthritis.
• Obesity: Excess weight increases the risk and severity of psoriatic arthritis.
• Smoking: Can worsen symptoms and reduce treatment effectiveness.
Complications
Psoriatic arthritis may lead to one or more of the following complications:
• Joint damage and deformities
• Arthritis mutilans: Over time, this destroys the small bones in your hands, especially the fingers.
• Eye conditions: Increased risk of conjunctivitis, uveitis, and dry eye.
• Cardiovascular disease: Chronic inflammation may raise the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Metabolic syndrome
• Depression and anxiety
Mediacal Risk
Certain psoriatic arthritis drugs that work by suppressing the immune system may increase the risk of infections and other health concerns. Work with your doctor to determine the most appropriate treatment plan while weighing the risks and benefits of medications.